SteamWorld Dig is a 2D platform game focused on mining for resources and ores. Players control Rusty as they delve into the mines beneath the old Western town of Tumbleton to uncover hidden secrets. Equipped with a pickaxe, players can upgrade their tools to progress further. Alongside managing health, players need coal for light and water for special abilities.

In addition to platform elements like running, jumping, and encountering foes, the core gameplay revolves around mining, allowing players to deconstruct the world to create platforms. Resources collected can be exchanged for cash, unlocking new abilities as players delve deeper into randomized mines with varied enemies and environments.