Dust: An Elysian Tail is an action-packed role-playing game that takes place in the imaginary world of Falana. Players assume the role of Dust, the main character, who wakes up in a forest meadow and sets out to find the keys to his past. Along the way, Dust is accompanied by a sentient sword called Blade of Ahrah and guardian Fidget.

The game features metroidvania mechanics, allowing players to explore the "2D" side-scrolled environments and upgrade Dust's characteristics such as health, magic, strength, and defense by spending gained experience points. As Dust progresses through the game, he must upgrade his skills to achieve special goals hidden throughout Falana. Players can also interact with other characters to trade or receive side quests.