The Constitution of Ethiopia is the supreme law of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It was adopted by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia in December 1994 and came into force following the general election held in May-JuneThe constitution consists of 106 articles in 11 chapters and provides for a federal government of nine ethnically based regions. The government is governed by a parliament divided into the House of Peoples' Representatives and the House of Federation.

The constitution establishes a parliamentary system, with a mostly ceremonial President as the head of state and executive power vested in a Council of Ministers headed by a Prime Minister. It guarantees a set of basic human rights, which are interpreted according to international instruments adopted by Ethiopia. Additionally, the constitution ensures equal state recognition for all Ethiopian languages, although Amharic is specified as the working language of the federal government.